Geochemical Stratigraphy and Microvertebrate Assemblage Sequences across the Silurian/Devonian Transition in South China     

ZHAO Wenjin  WANG Nianzhong  ZHU Min  Ulrich MANN  Ulrich HERTEN  Andreas LüCKE 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(2):340-353

Carbon isotope (δ13Corg) analyses of non-marine clastic rocks and neritic carbonates and black shales spanning the Silurian/Devonian transition are compared from two richly fossiliferous sequences in Qujing of East Yunnan and Zoige of Sichuan, South China. The two sections, Xishancun and Putonggou sections in South China, reveal positive δ13Corg shifts happening in the Upper Pridoli and Lower Devonian and reaching peak values as heavy as ?25.2‰ (Xishancun) and ?19.9‰ (Putonggou) in the lowermost Lochkovian following the first occurrence of the thelodont Parathelodus and the conodont Icriodus woschmidti woschmidti (only in Putonggou Section and together with Protathyris-Lanceomyonia brachiopod fauna). These results replicate a globally known positive shift in δ13Corg from the uppermost Silurian to the lowermost Devonian. The δ13Corg variations across the Silurian/Devonian Boundary (SDB) at the two sections in South China exhibit a shift in carbon isotopic composition similar to the detailed SDB curves from the borehole Klonk-1 drilled at top of the Klonk Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) in the Prague Basin, Czech Republic. In addition, four microvertebrate assemblages, including the Liaojiaoshan, Xishancun, Yanglugou and Xiaputonggou assemblages, are recognized from the Silurian/Devonian transition exposed in the Xishancun and Putonggou sections, respectively. The results from both carbon isotope stratigraphy and microvertebrate assemblage sequences suggest that the SDB in South China is located at the base of the Xishancun Formation (between sample QX-20 and sample QX-21) in the Xishancun Section and the lower part of the Xiaputonggou Formation (between sample ZP-09 and sample ZP-10) in the Putonggou Section. The isotopic trend for organic carbon together with the changes of microvertebrate remains across the SDB can offer an approach to a potential correlation of the SDB from different sedimentary facies, which help to correlate the marine with non-marine deposits.  相似文献   

黄河源区陆面过程观测和模拟研究进展   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

文军  蓝永超  苏中波  田辉  史小康  张宇  王欣  刘蓉  张堂堂  康悦  吕少宁  张静辉 《地球科学进展》2011,26(6):575-586

陆面过程对黄河源区水资源变化有重要的影响,探索黄河源区陆面过程和水分循环特征的关联机理有十分重要的意义.首先简述了黄河源区气候变化背景和陆面过程的基本特征,并详细介绍了近年来在黄河源区开展的一系列陆面过程野外观测试验及相关研究主题和研究进展;进一步给出了在野外试验观测资料分析、卫星遥感、数据同化应用和数值模拟等方面取得...  相似文献   

中国进出口贸易碳转移排放测算方法分析与评价     

方修琦  王媛  魏本勇  王文琴 《地球科学进展》2011,26(10):1101-1108

目前中国的碳转移排放测算方法有很多,虽然方法不尽相同,但总的结论和计算出的变化趋势类似。造成碳转移量测算结果产生较大差异的原因主要有两方面,一是碳排放强度的测算模型不同,二是对于中国加工贸易转移碳排放的认识不同。测算避免转移排放量时,如果不考虑加工贸易的影响,在某些年份（如2002年）甚至会得到＂中国是碳转移的净进口国...  相似文献   

全球碳循环研究中的δ13C方法及其进展     

陈中笑  赵琦 《地球科学进展》2011,26(11):1225-1233

随着分析技术的进步,δ13C观测在全球碳循环研究中越来越受到重视。在讨论关于碳循环中δ13C的Suess效应、分布特征和同位素分馏等基本概念的基础上,结合现有的观测事实,介绍应用δ13C辨别碳的源汇问题的方法,通过比较不同KeelingPlot方法分析该方法在研究大气CO2背景特征中的意义。着重讨论δ13C在研究大气C...  相似文献   

有机溴化物的溴同位素测试技术及其生物地球化学指示意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

单慧媚  马腾  刘存富  刘玲  杨杰 《地球科学进展》2011,26(8):811-821

有机溴化物已成为继有机氯化物之后又一值得关注的全球性新兴持久性有机污染物。稳定Br同位素测试技术的快速发展,为有机溴化物生物地球化学循环研究提供了更为有效的技术支撑。在综述稳定Br同位素研究进展的基础上认为：①基于GC-MC-ICPMS技术基础上的有机单体Br同位素（CSIA-OBr）是Br同位素研究的主要趋势,难点是...  相似文献   

FEFLOW在某市岩溶地下水四氯化碳污染中的应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘娟  杨国勇  蒋兆华  王万林  徐文 《地下水》2011,(6):87-91

某市是我国北方的一座大型城市,七里沟盆地是该市的三个主要岩溶水源地之一,供应该市南部20余万人的生产生活用水,2000年11月发现该岩溶含水层受到四氯化碳的污染,本文结合前人所做的工作和研究区检测资料的分析,建立了研究区水文地质概念模型和地下水数学模型,采用基于有限元方法的FEFLOW软件对模型求解,在水流模型的基础上...  相似文献   

干湿循环条件下膨胀土裂隙特征分形研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

包惠明  魏雪丰 《工程地质学报》2011,19(4):478-482

通过膨胀土多次干湿循环的三轴和直剪实验,从试样裂隙率计算结果可以得出,三轴试样,经第1次循环,其表面裂隙率增幅最大,2～4次循环增幅较大,第5次循环增幅较小.直剪试样,试样表面裂隙率经1～3次循环增幅较大,第4次循环增幅较小,第5次循环以后试样表面裂隙率有所降低,但降低的幅度不大.总的说来,随干湿循环次数的不断增加,膨...  相似文献   

Seasonal variability in somatic and reproductive investment of the bivalve Scrobicularia plana (da Costa, 1778) along a latitudinal gradient     

Sílvia Santos  Joana F.M.F. Cardoso  Célia Carvalho  Pieternella C. Luttikhuizen  Henk W. van der Veer 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Monthly investment in soma and gonads in the bivalve Scrobicularia plana is described for three populations along its distributional range: Minho estuary, Portugal; Westerschelde estuary, The Netherlands and Buvika estuary, Norway. Seasonal cycles in body mass (BMI), somatic mass (SMI) and gonadal mass (GMI) indices were observed for all populations. In Portugal, BMI and SMI peaked in mid-autumn, while in The Netherlands both indices were at their highest in mid-spring. Norway showed a different pattern with two distinct peaks: one in mid-autumn and a second peak in spring. GMI reached maximum values in July in Portugal and Netherlands and in June in Norway. Overall, mean BMI and SMI were lower in Portugal while mean GMI was lower in Norway. The spawning period lasted the whole summer in Portugal, but was shorter (only two months) in The Netherlands and Norway. The reproductive investment in The Netherlands was significantly higher than in Portugal and Norway, with the lowest values being observed in Norway. Differences in annual cycles between populations were attributed to environmental factors, namely temperature and food availability. Temperature seems important in shaping the reproductive pattern with more northern populations showing shorter reproductive periods starting later in the year, and a lower reproductive output. In addition, winter water temperatures can explain the lower mean body and somatic mass values observed in Portugal. Food availability influenced the physiological performance of the species with peaks in somatic mass coinciding with phytoplankton blooms. This relation between physiological performance and environmental factors influences S. plana distribution, densities and even survival, with natural consequences on its commercial importance.  相似文献   

First observations of jelly-falls at the seafloor in a deep-sea fjord     

Andrew K. Sweetman  Annelise Chapman 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(12):1206-1211

Faunal communities at the deep-sea floor mainly rely on the downward transport of particulate organic material for energy, which can come in many forms, ranging from phytodetritus to whale carcasses. Recently, studies have shown that the deep-sea floor may also be subsidized by fluxes of gelatinous material to the benthos. The deep-sea scyphozoan medusa Periphylla periphylla is common in many deep-sea fjords in Norway and recent investigations in Lurefjorden in western Norway suggest that the biomass of this jellyfish currently exceeds 50000 t here. To quantify the presence of dead P. periphylla jellyfish falls (hereafter termed jelly-falls) at the deep seafloor and the standing stock of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) deposited on the seafloor by this species, we made photographic transects of the seafloor, using a ‘Yo-Yo’ camera system during an opportunistic sampling campaign in March 2011. Of 218 seafloor photographs taken, jelly-falls were present in five, which resulted in a total jelly-fall abundance of 1×10^-2 jelly-falls m⁻² over the entire area surveyed. Summed over the entire area of seafloor photographed, 1×10^-2 jelly-falls m⁻² was equivalent to a C- and N-biomass of 13 mg C m⁻² and 2 mg N m⁻². The contribution of each jelly-fall to the C- and N-amount of the sediment in the immediate vicinity of each fall (i.e. to sediment in each 3.02 m² image in which jelly-falls were observed) was estimated to be 568±84 mg C m⁻² and 88±13 mg N m⁻². The only megafaunal taxon observed around or on top of the jelly-falls was caridean shrimp (14±5 individuals jelly-fall⁻¹), and shrimp abundance was significantly greater in photographs in which a jelly-fall was found (14±5 individuals image⁻¹) compared to photographs in which no jelly-falls were observed (1.4±0.7 individuals image⁻¹). These observations indicate that jelly-falls in this fjord can enhance the sedimentary C- and N-amount at the deep-sea floor and may provide nutrition to benthic and demersal faunas in this environment. However, organic enrichment from the jelly-falls found in this single sampling event and associated disturbance was highly localized.  相似文献   

Particle fluxes in San Pedro Basin, California: A four-year record of sedimentation and physical forcing     

Lisa E. Collins  William BerelsonDouglas E. Hammond  Angela Knapp  Richard SchwartzDoug Capone 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(8):898-914

Moored sediment traps were deployed from January 2004 through December 2007 at depths of 550 and 800 m in San Pedro Basin (SPB), CA (33°33.0′N, 118°26.5′W). Additionally, floating sediment traps were deployed at 100 and 200 m for periods of 12-24 h during spring 2005, fall 2007, and spring 2008. Average annual fluxes of mass, particulate organic carbon (POC), ??¹³C_org, particulate organic nitrogen (PON), ??¹⁵N-PON, biogenic silica (bSiO₂), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), and detrital material (non-biogenic) were coupled with climate records and used to examine sedimentation patterns, vertical flux variability, and organic matter sources to this coastal region. Annual average flux values were determined by binning data by month and averaging the monthly averages. The average annual fluxes to 550 m were 516±42 mg/m² d for mass (sdom of the monthly averages, n=117), 3.18±0.26 mmol C/m² d for POC (n=111), 0.70±0.05 mmol/m² d for CaCO₃ (n=110), 1.31±0.21 mmol/m² d for bSiO₂ (n=115), and 0.35±0.03 mmol/m² d for PON (n=111). Fluxes to 800 and to 550 m were similar, within 10%. Annual average values of ??¹³C_org at 550 m were −21.8±0.2‰ (n=108), and ??¹⁵N averages were 8.9±0.2‰ (n=95). The timing of both high and low flux particle collection was synchronous between the two traps. Given the frequency of trap cup rotation (4-11 days), this argues for particle settling rates ≥83 m/d for both high and low flux periods. The moored traps were deployed over one of the wettest (2004-2005, 74.6 cm rainfall) and driest (2006-2007, 6.6 cm) rain years on record. There was poor correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient, 95% confidence interval) of detrital mass flux with: C_org/N ratio (r=0.10, p=0.16); ??¹⁵N (r=−0.19, p=0.02); and rainfall (r=0.5, p=0.43), suggesting that runoff does not immediately cause increases in particle fluxes 15 km offshore. ??¹³C_org values suggest that most POC falling to the basin floor is marine derived. Coherence between satellite-derived chlorophyll a records from the trap location (±9 km² resolution) and SST data indicates that productivity and export occurs within a few days of upwelling and both of these parameters are reasonable predictors of POC export, with a time lag of a few days to 2 weeks (with no time lag—SeaWiFS chlorophyll a and POC flux, r=0.25, p=0.0014; chlorophyll a and bSiO₂ flux, r=0.28, p=0.0002).  相似文献